云南石榴根际刻痕短体线虫的鉴定

近年来云南石榴病害日趋严重,特别是根部病害,因为其危害具有隐蔽性,常被人们忽略,线虫病害即其中之一.2003-2007年,笔者对云南省主要石榴产区蒙自县、会泽县和建水县的石榴寄生线虫进行了采样调查,采用形态特征进行鉴定,分离鉴定出了刻痕短体线虫.报道了寄生于云南省石榴根际的一种短体线虫:刻痕短体线虫Pratylenchus crenatus,Loof 1960,石榴是这种线虫的新记录寄主.     

Refinement of Passive Nematode Recovery from Cotton Growing High Clay Content Australian Vertisols

Vertisols are characterized by their high clay content, which can hinder assessment of their soil biology. Recovery of nematodes from vertisols with active techniques has indicated that free living nematode numbers within Australian vertisols are often low. Despite this, cotton yield losses due to the reniform nematode have recently been reported in Australia. In light of this and other changes in the cotton production system, we undertook a series of experiments to determine whether passive nematode extraction techniques could be applied to high clay vertisols. Existing published passive nematode recovery methods proved to be inefficient. The use of sodium hexametaphosphate as a clay dispersant was found to further reduce effectiveness. Instead, direct extraction of soil in Ludox at 1.1 g/cm³ followed by sieving was found to be as effective at recovering nematodes using Baermann funnel extraction from fresh soil but considerably quicker and three times more effective with dried soil.     

环介导等温扩增法（LAMP）检测最短尾短体线虫

为了快速、简便、准确地检测重要植物病原线虫—最短尾短体线虫（ Pratylenchus brachyurus ）,依据GenBank中短体线虫的线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶I（mtDNA COI）序列,设计了扩增最短尾短体线虫的环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）引物,并对LAMP反应条件进行优化,成功建立了一种可特异、快速检测最短尾短体线虫的LAMP体系。该体系在64℃下反应60 min,扩增效率最高。用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、酶切分析和SYBR Green I染色均能特异检测到最短尾短体线虫的扩增产物。所建立的LAMP体系能从供试的9种短体线虫和另外10种植物线虫中特异检测出最短尾短体线虫,其灵敏度可检测到1/200条线虫DNA,是常规PCR的10倍。表明本研究建立的最短尾短体线虫的LAMP检测体系,可用于最短尾短体线虫的快速检测。     

The influence of the topographic position within highlands of Western Rwanda on the interactions between banana (Musa spp. AAA-EA), parasitic nematodes and soil factors

Soil properties vary according to the topography. They affect water uptake and root exploration in the soil. Consequently, they may also influence the spread of plant–parasitic nematodes. This study reports on the effect of toposequence-related variations in soil on banana yields, foliar nutrient status, and nematode impact. Twenty banana plots were visited within 6 hills/valleys at each of the three toposequence positions: valley bottom, mid-slope and crest. Important variability in plant growth, nutrition and soil properties was observed within the toposequence. Significantly better plant growth (height and girth) was observed in the valley bottoms, where banana bunch weight was 1.7–3.4 kg higher (although not significant) than at upper toposequence positions. Best plant growth was observed in valley bottoms in contrast to the highest N and K foliar deficiencies in this position. Plants in the valley bottoms had higher foliar Ca and Mg, and K compared to those in the crest. Plants in the mid-slope had greater percentage of dead roots (19.1%), compared to the plants in the valley bottoms (12.3%) and the crest (14.2%). Soils in the valley bottoms were deeper, sandier, with lower organic matter, lower N, and K compared to the soils at higher toposequence. Nematodes likely play a key role in banana root damage, however, their effect appear to be in relation to various soil factors at each position. The abundance of Pratylenchus goodeyi had generally limited impact on banana yields in fields having less than 5% slope (crest and valley bottom) where soil conditions were more optimal for root growth. However, in the presence of increased run-off on steeper middle slopes, root death was increased even under moderate pressure from P. goodeyi.     

1种苎麻根腐病线虫的鉴定

【目的】对分离的一种苎麻根腐病线虫进行形态和分子生物学鉴定,为病原线虫分子生物学检测技术的研发及苎麻根腐病的防治奠定基础。【方法】从感染苎麻根腐病植株根中分离出一种植物病原线虫,利用显微技术观察线虫的形态特征,对其进行初步鉴定;之后采用分子生物学技术,提取单条线虫的DNA,利用通用保守性引物扩增了线虫核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列,并用软件DNAstar和DNAMAN进行序列分析,对该植物病原线虫进行进一步鉴定。【结果】根据形态特征,将获得的苎麻根腐病线虫初步鉴定为咖啡短体线虫。序列分析结果表明,该线虫rDNA-ITS序列与咖啡短体线虫湖北种群、越南种群、台湾种群、日本种群及尼日利亚种群的同源性依次为99.8%,99.0%,98.0%,97.8%和94.6%。该线虫rDNA-ITS序列在GenBank注册号为HQ403649。【结论】形态及分子生物学鉴定结果表明,分离的苎麻根腐病线虫为咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)。     

薯蓣红斑病研究简报

薯蓣红斑病研究简报赵来顺，杨宝君，杨文博（河北保定农业学校０７１０００）（中国林业科学院，北京１０００８３）（安国市农业局）关键词薯蓣；薯蓣短体线虫；红斑病；防治中图分类号５４３５．３１１ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｈｅｄＳｐｏｔ（Ｐｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｄｉｏｓ...     

短体线虫属一新种记述（垫刃目：短体线虫科）

本研究将采自北京市丰台区艾Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｓｐ．根上的短体线虫描述为短体线虫属一新种，命名为艾短体线虫Ｐｒａｔｙｅｎｃｈｕｓａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｅｎ．ｓｐ．，其是短体线虫属内一两性生殖的种，唇区大多有两个环纹。在扫描电镜下观察发现唇盘与中唇融合形成一光滑、连续的结构。口针短，长１１．５０～１４．６３（１３．６２）μｍ，口针基球圆形。Ｖ＝７６．０－８１．２（７８．２２）。受精囊卵圆形至长椭圆形，内充满精子。尾部圆锥形，尖端宽圆、光滑无环纹。雄虫大量存在。     

无花果主要寄生线虫在江苏主产区的分布与季节性消长动态

１９９１～１９９３年对江苏南京、句容、如东、海门、泗洪和宿迁６个无花果种植区无花果寄生线虫的种类和发生进行了调查。从采集的１１２份土样、７１份根样中共发现５属４种寄生线虫。其中,南方根结线虫和咖啡短体线虫较常见,田间群体密度也较高,是无花果的主要致病线虫。对这两种线虫密度的季节动态调查表明,线虫的发生在５～６月和１０～１１月份都呈现明显的高峰,且与无花果的２次新根发生期和温度的季节变化规律密切相关。     

宁波地区蔬菜主要病原线虫的分离和种类鉴定

对宁波14个主要蔬菜基地进行土壤和植株取样,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定明确了宁波地区蔬菜主要病原线虫为南方根结线虫［Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White)］和咖啡短体线虫［Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmer mann)］。南方根结线虫主要分布在江北费市、宁海冠庄、宁波梅墟和镇海九龙湖,咖啡短体线虫分布在江北费市。南方根结线虫的寄主为番茄、黄瓜、豇豆和白菜,咖啡短体线虫的寄主为萝卜和大豆。     

Carbon Fixation and Partitioning in Coffee Seedlings Infested with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pratylenchuscoffeae</Emphasis>

The objective was to study CO₂ fixation and photoassimilate partition in coffee (Coffea arabica) seedlings infested with the lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae. Seedlings infested with 0, 1000 and 8000 Pratylenchus coffeae nematodes were exposed to ¹⁴CO₂ and the incorporation and distribution of radioactivity were followed in the roots, stems and leaves. Fresh mass, pigments, soluble sugars, sucrose and specific radioactivity of sucrose in the plant parts were determined. At the highest level of infestation almost all the parameters were significantly changed showing the carbon fixation in the leaves and partitioning to the roots were decreased. Since lesion nematodes are not sedentary and do not form feeding sites that could be characterised as metabolic sinks, it is suggested that their damage is more readily expressed by the leaves, through a reduction in photosynthesis and phloem transport.